Yanlā (ञला)
Yanlā (ञला) is the eleventh month of the Nepal Era (Nepal Sambat) calendar, the traditional lunar calendar widely used by the Newar community of Nepal. It generally corresponds with the month of Bhadrapada (भाद्रपद) in the Hindu lunar calendar and usually falls around August–September or September in the Gregorian calendar. Yanlā is one of the most culturally significant months in the Newar calendar because it contains Yenyā (येँयाः), also known as Indra Jātrā, the grand festival of Kathmandu.
The month of Yanlā begins with the new moon (Aunsi) and continues until the next new moon. Like other lunar months, it is divided into two parts: the bright fortnight, known as Yanlā Thwa (ञला थ्व), which begins after the new moon and continues until the full moon, and the dark fortnight, known as Yanlā Gā (ञला गा), which begins after the full moon and lasts until the end of the month. The full moon day falls on the 15th day of Yanlā Thwa and is considered an important day for religious and cultural activities.
During Yanlā month, the Kathmandu Valley becomes lively with various religious observances, traditional rituals, and community celebrations. This period comes at the end of the monsoon season when people traditionally express gratitude for rainfall and pray for prosperity, good harvests, and protection from natural difficulties. The month reflects the close relationship between Newar society, nature, agriculture, and religious traditions.
One of the early important occasions of Yanlā is Chathā (चथा), celebrated on the fourth day of Yanlā Thwa. Chathā is the Newar name for Ganesh Chaturthi, a festival dedicated to Lord Ganesh, the deity associated with wisdom, success, and the removal of obstacles. On this day, devotees worship Ganesh by visiting temples, offering prayers, flowers, fruits, and traditional offerings. Families also perform religious activities at home and seek blessings for happiness, success, and good fortune.
The most significant event of Yanlā month is Yenyā (येँयाः), which means the “Festival of Kathmandu.” It is one of the largest and most famous street festivals celebrated in Nepal, especially in Kathmandu Valley. Also known as Indra Jātrā, this festival combines religious rituals, chariot processions, traditional dances, masked performances, and public celebrations. Yenyā is celebrated for eight days, beginning from the 12th day of Yanlā Thwa and continuing until the 4th day of Yanlā Gā.
During Yenyā, Kathmandu’s historic areas become the center of cultural activities. The festival begins with the ceremonial raising of the Yosin (Indra Dhwoj), a sacred wooden pole at Kathmandu Durbar Square. This ritual marks the beginning of the festival and attracts thousands of devotees and visitors. People gather to observe prayers, traditional ceremonies, and cultural performances that have been continued for generations.
A major attraction of Yenyā is the chariot procession of the Living Goddess Kumari. During the festival, the chariot of Kumari is taken through the streets of Kathmandu along with the chariots of Ganesh and Bhairav. Devotees gather along the procession route to receive blessings and participate in the celebration. This tradition represents the connection between the divine powers and the people of Kathmandu.
Yanlā month is also famous for various traditional dances and performances. Masked dances of deities such as Lakhey, Bhairav, and other protective figures are performed in different parts of the city. These dances are not only forms of entertainment but also carry religious meanings and represent ancient stories, beliefs, and cultural values of the Newar community.
During this month, people participate in religious activities, visit temples, offer prayers, and gather with family members and communities. Traditional Newari food is prepared and shared during festival gatherings. Foods such as Samay Baji and other local dishes are commonly enjoyed during Yenyā celebrations. These communal meals strengthen social relationships and preserve traditional culinary practices.
Yanlā is not only a festival month but also a period of cultural preservation. Through rituals, music, dances, processions, and religious ceremonies, the Newar community continues to protect its ancient heritage. Elders pass traditional knowledge to younger generations, ensuring that the customs and values associated with Yanlā remain alive.
Overall, Yanlā is a month of devotion, celebration, and cultural identity for the Newar people. With important occasions like Chathā and the grand eight-day Yenyā festival, this month represents the rich history, religious harmony, and vibrant traditions of Kathmandu Valley. It continues to bring communities together and preserve the unique cultural heritage of Nepal’s Newar civilization.
